/URI (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_of_Arabia:_The_Battle_for_the_Arab_World) >> /URI (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arab_Revolt) >> 25 0 R /Rect [ 287.218 Why was Anwar Sadat's visit to Israel important? 105 0 obj endobj Iraq's Kurds are landlocked and surrounded by neighbours - Syria, Turkey, Iran and Iraq itself - which have traditionally quashed Kurdish aspirations. 0 /ProcSet [ /PDF ZsMg$.YN+O18tokTVZ|;f=yuS|{YqN'O?ZPRc61F8Wy'. /Type /Annot >> 0 ] They headed towards Damascus and defeated Sharif Faisals army at Maysalun near Damascus on June 24, 1920. /Rect [ 74.69291 % 'Annot.NUMBER2': class PDFDictionary endobj /Rect [ 328.2159 British Lies to The Arabs in World War I - World Future Fund /Length 10137 << /A << /S /URI They had agreed in the March 1915 Constantinople Agreement to give Russia Constantinople (Istanbul) and areas around it, which would provide access to the Mediterranean Sea.France, meanwhile, had a number of economic investments and strategic relationships in Syria, especially in the area of Aleppo, while Britain wanted secure access to India through the Suez Canal and the Persian Gulf. 0 ] /Rect [ 84.69291 /Type /Annot >> /Border [ 0 Sykes died of the Spanish flu pandemic in 1919 in Paris where he was attending a peace conference. 10 0 R /Type /Action /Border [ 0 /Type /Action 595.2756 /Type /Annot >> << /A << /S /URI /Subtype /Link % 'Annot.NUMBER30': class PDFDictionary /Border [ 0 0 ] % 'Annot.NUMBER55': class PDFDictionary /Rect [ 137.1511 Why did the British want the Sykes-Picot Agreement? 747.7969 ] 841.8898 ] 242.9469 ] 88.91553 /Rect [ 127.0976 667.9469 /Border [ 0 endobj 62 0 obj 456.5687 /URI (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bolshevik) >> 0 272.9469 ] /Type /Annot >> /URI (http://books.google.com/books?id=L7UOyPGYBkwC&pg=PA95&dq=&lr=&as_brr=3&as_pt=ALLTYPES&ei=3OFISe7xCY6ukASRncXEBg&client=) >> The borders of the Middle East were drawn during World War I by a Briton, Mark Sykes, and a Frenchman, Francois Picot. In the 1960s and 1970s, Britain began to pull out of the Arabian Peninsula. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/event/Sykes-Picot-Agreement, Jewish Virtual Library - Pre-State Israel: The Sykes-Picot Agreement (1916), Yale Law School - Lillian Goldman Law Library - Avalon Project - The Sykes-Picot Agreement : 1916, 914-1918-online. 0 167.4372 510.0697 652.9469 What were the causes and consequences of the Persian Gulf War? /Type /Annot >> /Type /Action 101 0 R ] << /A << /S /URI 266.7969 /Subtype /Link endobj /ImageC endobj /Border [ 0 334.0469 272.9469 418.9449 84 0 obj While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. /Subtype /Link 11 0 R /URI (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jordan) >> 595.2756 298.1651 /Type /Action /Rect [ 330.8049 /ImageI ] >> 0 % 'Annot.NUMBER27': class PDFDictionary 349.0469 ] Sign up now to learn about This Day in History straight from your inbox. 0 ] WN=0+1c0{b*g3?ux}inAGGAsqT}j+YW,}JC9P4mqzdj?A!/w?U{w} a|"1EQt=oo % 'Annot.NUMBER6': class PDFDictionary /URI (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=League_of_Nations_mandate) >> /ImageB << /A << /S /URI /URI (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Russian_Revolution_of_1917) >> /Border [ 0 /Type /Action 6 0 obj 0 ] 104 0 obj 0 ] << /A << /S /URI Moments of political turmoil were often met with declarations of the end of Sykes-Picot, such as the establishment of the Kurdistan Regional Government in Iraq in 1992 or the rise of the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) in 2014. 697.9469 342.108 736.9469 22 0 R % 'Annot.NUMBER35': class PDFDictionary 0 /Type /Annot >> /Type /Annot >> 334.0469 Cookie Settings, Five Places Where You Can Still Find Gold in the United States, Scientists Taught Pet Parrots to Video Call Each Otherand the Birds Loved It, The True Story of the Koh-i-Noor Diamondand Why the British Won't Give It Back. 0 ] 79 0 obj /Subtype /Link /Rotate 0 Sykes-Picot Agreement | Map, History, & Facts | Britannica The defection of Russia from the war canceled the Russian aspect of the Sykes-Picot Agreement, and the Turkish Nationalists victories after the military collapse of the Ottoman Empire led to the gradual abandonment of any Italian projects for Anatolia. % 'Annot.NUMBER26': class PDFDictionary 44 0 obj endobj /URI (http://books.google.com/books?id=vbJWx89nJSIC&pg=PA123&dq=&client=#PPA122,M1) >> 0 ] % 'Annot.NUMBER57': class PDFDictionary 0 << /A << /S /URI 254.7969 endobj 42 0 obj /Border [ 0 % 'Annot.NUMBER69': class PDFDictionary endobj /Subtype /Link 0 ] Moreover, the borders split up other contiguous populations, like the Kurds and the Druze, and left them as minority populations in several countries, depriving their communities of self-determination altogether. 69 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Subtype /Link 91 0 obj /Type /Action /Type /Annot >> /Border [ 0 % 'Annot.NUMBER56': class PDFDictionary % 'Annot.NUMBER7': class PDFDictionary 40 0 obj endobj /URI (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Russian_Revolution_of_1917) >> /Border [ 0 0 ] A century on, the Middle East continues to bear the consequences of the treaty, and many Arabs across the region continue to blame the subsequent violence in the Middle East, from the occupation of Palestine to the rise of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), on the Sykes-Picot treaty. /Rect [ 294.1089 In its designated sphere, it was agreed, each country shall be allowed to establish such direct or indirect administration or control as they desire and as they may think fit to arrange with the Arab State or Confederation of Arab States. /Rect [ 158.2363 0 42 0 obj In May 1917 W. Ormsby-Gore wrote "French intentions in Syria are surely incompatible with the war aims of the 0 /Type /Annot >> 78 0 R Britain was, however, allocated control of Acre and Haifa. 0 ] 0 % 'Annot.NUMBER67': class PDFDictionary << /A << /S /URI endobj /Rect [ 452.6 /URI (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kamal_Abu_Jaber) >> 57 0 R /Rect [ 481.8609 /Border [ 0 771.7969 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Annot >> /Border [ 0 523.9469 ] In June 2014, ISIL removed border posts between Iraq and Syria, as part of the groups proclaimed plan to restore the Islamic Caliphate on the ruins of the Sykes-Picot border.
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