Does he face the objections to the crosslinking hypothesis presented by Dr Kevin Anderson in the link above? The study by Anderson also delves into the processes of carbonization and sulfurization, in addition to the best conditions for preservation. How Do Scientists Reconstruct What Dinosaurs Looked Like? Original article on LiveScience. From the paper by Landon Anderson. Dinosaurs' iron-rich blood, combined with a good environment for fossilization, may explain the amazing existence of soft tissue from the Cretaceous (a period that lasted from about 65.5 million to 145.5 million years ago) and even earlier. how collagens structural features allow fragments to survive for eons, Design of Life: Its a Matter of Physical Evidence & Logic, Judge Phil Ginn Condemns UN Demonic Proposal to Legalize Consensual Sex with Minors, Rely on Christ Instead of the Government in the Face of Religious Attacks, Says Judge Phil Ginn, Judge Phil Ginn Calls for Truth and Love in the Face of Heretical Easter Sermon, The Message of the Gospel is the Only Antidote for the Malaise So Prevalent in America Today, says Judge Phil Ginn, James D. San Antonio et al., Dinosaur Peptides Suggest Mechanisms of Protein Survival,, Thomas G. Kaye, Gary Gaugler, and Zbigniew Sawlowicz, Dinosaurian Soft Tissues Interpreted as Bacterial Biofilms,. The soft tissues found by Schweitzer and others are not mineral replacements of soft tissue; they are the original soft tissue. [6], Schweitzer was the first researcher to identify and isolate soft tissues from an ancient fossil bone. Schweitzer and her colleagues found that dinosaur soft tissue is closely associated with iron nanoparticles in both the T. rex and another soft-tissue specimen from Brachylophosaurus canadensis, a type of duck-billed dinosaur. Soft tissue has also been extracted from bones that are assumed to be from the Jurassic period which lasted from 145-200 million years. In recent decades, soft, squishy tissues have been discovered inside fossilized dinosaur bones. You can watch the tissue stretch in the video. SOFT TISSUE (INCLUDING FLESH) FOUND IN FOSSILS The short half-life is only part of the problem when dating dinosaur bones -- researchers also have to find enough of the parent and daughter atoms to measure. How Do Scientists Reconstruct What Dinosaurs Looked Like? (1/2/2008) http://wrgis.wr.usgs.gov/parks/gtime/ageofearth.html, Special Offer on Antivirus Software From HowStuffWorks and TotalAV Security. Collagens abundance further explains its presence in dinosaur fossils. [12] You can learn more about fossils, dinosaurs, radiometric dating and related topics by reading through the links below. University of California Museum of Paleontology, "Soft tissue and cellular preservation in vertebrate skeletal elements from the Cretaceous to the present", "New discoveries hint there's a lot more in fossil bones than we thought", "Geologists Find First Clue To Tyrannosaurus Rex Gender In Bone Tissue", "Scientists Retrieve Proteins From Dinosaur Bone", "Molecular preservation in Late Cretaceous sauropod dinosaur eggshells", "T. Rex Tissue Offers Evolution Insights", "Dinosaurian Soft Tissues Interpreted as Bacterial Biofilms", "Influence of Microbial Biofilms on the Preservation of Primary Soft Tissue in Fossil and Extant Archosaurs", "Dinosaur Peptides Suggest Mechanisms of Protein Survival", "Mass Spectrometry and Antibody-Based Characterization of Blood Vessels from Brachylophosaurus Canadensis", "Hemoglobin-derived porphyrins preserved in a Middle Eocene blood-engorged mosquito", "A role for iron and oxygen chemistry in preserving soft tissues, cells and molecules from deep time", "World renown fossil hunter accepts award of excellence in Manitoba | Watch News Videos Online", "Dig Deep: Renowned Fossil Hunter to Keynote Morden Gala | ChrisD.ca", "An Early Cretaceous enantiornithine (Aves) preserving an unlaid egg and probable medullary bone", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mary_Higby_Schweitzer&oldid=1130432919, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 30 December 2022, at 04:16. [youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u0GrQiUuq4s]. My two topics are The Cells Design and Dinosaur Blood and the Age of the Earth.. (1/2/2008) http://wrgis.wr.usgs.gov/docs/parks/gtime/radiom.html, USGS. In response to these claims, researchers mapped collagen fragments isolated from theT. | READ MORE. And in 2015 fibers and cellular structures were discovered preserved in 75 million year old dinosaur specimens. This is a remarkably detailed and information-packed paper, Matthew Lamanna, a paleontologist at the Carnegie Museum of Natural History who was not involved with the new study but helped describe S. musacchioi in 2016, tells Live Sciences Sascha Pare. "How do geologists date rocks? For example, see these RTB resources for probable explanations for the T. rex soft tissue. The specimens Schweitzer works with, including skin, show evidence of excellent preservation. Cookie Policy Questions remain regarding how the predominant preservation pathways change under different environmental conditions, but Anderson believes that demystifying the general chemical theory behind the processes involved is an important first step. Your Privacy Rights Observations on life; particularly spiritual, Being fruitful in work, service & relationships, Six reasons to be skeptical of the geologic time scale. While soft tissue is rare because it decomposes, scientists have found intact soft tissue in dinosaur bones before. Since 2004, soft tissue has been discovered in fossils all over the world, Before the law suit on this dismissal went to court, CSUN settled, paying compensatory damages, lawyers fees, and money for lost wages. So it cannot block water and oxygen indefinitely, which readily react with fragile molecules even underground. The more parent isotopes there are -- and the fewer daughter isotopes -- the younger the sample. @JesseDornfeld Well the soft tissue is usually in arctic conditions, Ill give you dinosaur bones. For evolutionists who argue that dinosaurs died about 65 million years ago, it was a startling discovery. This means that soft tissue in dinosaur bones provides another reason (besides, living fossils, coastal geomorphology, fossilization of large animals and orally-transmitted Aboriginal stories) to be skeptical of the uniformitarian (geologic) time scale. Which needs less demystifying? To determine the ages of these specimens, scientists need an isotope with a very long half-life. The mapping study supports the bioauthenticity of the collagen fragments. The most widely known form of radiometric dating is carbon-14 dating. Scientists have had two decades to think about soft tissue preservation in dinosaur bones. Dinosaur Bones Meanwhile, Schweitzer has been testing whether the medullary bone and other soft tissue she discovered are original. Service R F , 2017, I dont care what they say about me: Paleontologist stares down critics in her hunt for dinosaur proteins, Science, Portland, Oregon, 13 Sep, 2017. At least six possible explanations (including bacterial contaminants) have been suggested for this preservation of soft tissue in dinosaur bones, but they have all been refuted (Thomas, 2019). The discovery of soft tissue in dinosaur bones was unexpected and scientists have struggled to find a robust explanation. Such a thing could hardly happen today, for soft tissue decays rather quickly under any condition. However we have no reason to believe that they were not literal years, genesis is very specific, even to odd numbers. Follow us @livescience, Facebook & Google+. Tracy V. Wilson Keep your eye on the issue: how could stretchable soft tissues, cells and proteins survive for tens of millions of years against all the forces that would degrade them in short order? To read the time on this radioactive clock, scientists use a device called a mass spectrometer to measure the number of parent and daughter atoms. That idea is not considered by LAA. The Scrambling Continues Osteocytes with delicate filipodia and blood vessels in ostrich bone (A, C) compared with similar soft tissues in a dinosaur bone (B, D). Scientists Find Soft Tissue in T. rex Fossil - Scientific American Even a polymer shield strong enough to resist microbes would develop cracks. Wollemi pine: A living fossil Where they should be three separate bones, these bones have grown together, Carrano said. "Geologic Time." "How Do Scientists Determine the Age of Dinosaur Bones?" A thigh bone from a 70-million-year-old Tyrannosaurus rex has given fossil experts an unexpected treasure: well-preserved soft tissue. New Scientist. The contact with the surface protects the protein and keeps the pieces of collagen juxtaposed whenever the protein strands break. The ratio of parents to daughters can tell the researcher how old the specimen is. 2017: the study done in 2009 was repeated in order to answer critics. Controversial T. Rex Find Finally Has An Explanation, Copyright 2013 LiveScience, a TechMediaNetwork company. As the award recipient Schweitzer was the keynote speaker and presented on her research. In a paper published last week in Royal Society Open Science, Poropat and his colleagues detail thesimilarities between Ann and another sauropod discovered in Argentina and described in 2016. Based on the analysis of these samples, scientists estimate that the Earth itself is about 4.5 billion years old. Scientists at Imperial College London have discovered what appear to be the remnants of soft tissue and red blood cells in poorly preserved dinosaur bones dating back 75 million years. If, however, there are too many or too few neutrons, the atom is unstable, and it sheds particles until its nucleus reaches a stable state. The highly intertwined, cross-linked structure of collagen makes it reasonable that fragments of this molecule could survive for 68 million years. The more vulnerable areas of the fibers should break down first, with the most protected ones persisting over timea type of molecular survival of the fittest. Why was Noahs family saved while the rest died in the flood. The bones of these various specimens are articulated, not scattered, suggesting they were buried quickly. Only hard parts, like bones and teeth, can become fossils. His job in academia may depend on his being an old-earther. [7] With respect to the significance of her work, Kevin Padian, Curator of Paleontology, University of California Museum of Paleontology, has stated "Chemicals that might degrade in a laboratory over a short period need not do so in a protected natural chemical environmentit's time to readjust our thinking. Soft Tissue in Dinosaur They found the proteins really did come from dinosaur soft tissue. Schweitzer has also isolated organic compounds and antigenic structures in sauropod egg shells. The fields of soil and petroleum science even accept that recalcitrant biomarkers can preserve through time as portions of these highly crosslinked kerogen macromolecules (Westbroek et al., 1979; Philp and Gilbert, 1987; Gupta, 2014; Ferrer et al., 2018). They also argue that the collagen fragments derive from bacterial proteins with structural homology to collagen. Radiometric dating!" "Once we can get the chemistry behind some of these soft tissues, there's all sorts of questions we can ask of ancient organisms," Schweitzer said. It works by linking up, or cross-linking, the amino acids that make up proteins, which makes those proteins more resistant to decay. One of the most provocative pieces of evidence young-earth creationists cite for a 6,000- to 10,000-year-old Earth is the discovery of soft-tissue remains in a dinosaur specimen that dates around 68 million years old. They soaked one group of blood vessels in iron-rich liquid made of red blood cells and another group in water. The last step may be the trickiest: Possibly the most controversial part of reconstructing a dinosaur's appearance is determining what, exactly, their faces looked like. He doesnt know that, because he tosses the solution into the futureware bucket. soft tissues recovered in Montana / Nonfossil Have evolutionists and believers in Deep Time been able to get a grip? Sauropod skulls consist of delicate bones held together by soft tissue and may have been prime targets for predators, Poropat writes in the Conversation. I still havent (Service, 2017). Significantly, this framework demonstrates the hypotheses presented by Schweitzer et al. While fossils of large titanosaur limb bones can largely resist decomposition, their relatively smaller skulls are much more rare. The big question is, why are the soft tissues still there in dinosaur bones when artificial decay experiments show soft tissues can last thousands of years but not millions of years? Microscopy images of "soft tissues" isolated from bones of the Cretaceous dinosaur Brachylophosaurus canadensis (MOR 2598 and GPDM 328), along with extant Struthio camelus analogs. Remember that Mary Schweitzer shocked 60 Minutes host Leslie Stahl and dinosaur paleontologist Jack Horner by showing the tissue was still stretchable. Did Dinosaurs Turn into Birds? | Answers in Genesis Collagen fibers comprise one of the chief components of connective tissue, are embedded in the bone matrix, and help form blood vessels. Mark Armitage participated in a dig at the Hell Creek Formation, in Montana, a world-famous dinosaur graveyard. Resurrected Vinyl on Twitter: "@JesseDornfeld Well the But after several years of debate, its generally agreed that the soft tissue discovered by Mary Schweitzer is authentic. Uniformitarian explanation Sea levels changed gradually over millions of years to produce the enormously thick sequences of sedimentary rocks that record the long history of geological time. Today's knowledge of fossil ages comes primarily from radiometric dating, also known as radioactive dating.
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